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Introduction

Where do you get your fruit and vegetables – a supermarket, a greengrocer... or the wild? For our distant ancestors, foraging for wild food was vital for survival, while these days we tend to rely on farmed food, bought in shops. However, for those that know what they are doing, foraging can be joyful, fulfilling and full of tasty treats! Pippa and Beth discuss this and teach you some new vocabulary.

This week's question

The Death Cap mushroom, common across the British Isles, is one of the world's deadliest mushrooms... but what colour is it? 

a) brown
b) white
c) red

Listen to the programme to hear the answer.

Vocabulary

horticulturalist
person who studies or grows plants like flowers, fruit and vegetables
 
deep knowledge
thorough understanding of a subject, gained from experience and study, that goes beyond the basic facts
 
scanning
searching a wide area with your eyes to find some particular thing
 
a hundred and ten percent
above and beyond what is expected; when referring to certainty, it means without any doubt
 
stigma
negative belief about something which is unfair or untrue
 
exercise caution
act with care and attention to avoid possible risks or dangers; be careful

TRANSCRIPT

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript. 

Pippa
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Pippa.
 
Beth
And I'm Beth. Foraging is the activity of walking in the countryside, looking for plants you can eat that grow in the wild. That's anything from blackberries and chestnuts to mushrooms and wild garlic. It's something humans have always done and recently it's become fashionable among groups of young people. Pippa, have you ever been foraging?
 
Pippa
Yes, we used to go and pick blackberries when I was younger, but I haven't really done it as an adult, and I would be a bit nervous to look for mushrooms or things like that. What about you?
 
Beth
I'm exactly the same. If I see a blackberry on a bush, I will eat it! But mushrooms? No. Too scary.
 
Pippa
So, in this episode, we'll meet two young women from different countries who are passionate about foraging wild food. They're both self-taught, having learned to forage by studying the natural world around them, and it's important to say that they only eat what they can identify with one hundred percent certainty, sticking to the rule, "If in doubt leave it out!"
 
Beth
We'll also be learning some useful new words and phrases, all of which you'll find on our website, bbclearningenglish.com. But before that, I have a question for you, Pippa. As mentioned, when foraging you must know for certain what is safe to eat. Something definitely not safe to eat is the mushroom Death Cap. As the name suggests, it's one of the world's deadliest mushrooms, and it's common across the British Isles, but what colour is it? Are Death Cap mushrooms:
 
a)    brown,
b)    white, or
c)    red?
 
Pippa
I'm going to say, if it's dangerous maybe it's red.
 
Beth
OK. Well, we'll find out later in the programme. First, let's meet Roushanna Gray, a wild-food forager living in Cape Point, South Africa. Roushanna learned how to forage from her mother-in-law, as she explains here to BBC World Service programme The Conversation:
 
Roushanna Gray
So, she is a horticulturalist. She has a deep knowledge of plants. And so, I would be, kind of, scanning the landscape and learning about these new plants – or new to me – and wondering if you could eat them. Something that's incredibly important in foraging is to know a hundred and ten percent if you can eat it – positive identification of the plant. And so, she was my plant person.
 
Pippa
Roushanna's mother-in-law is a horticulturalist – a person who studies or grows plants such as flowers, fruits and vegetables. She has a deep knowledge of the wild plants growing in nature. A deep knowledge means a thorough understanding of a subject gained from experience and study, not just knowing the basic facts.
 
Beth
One skill foragers need is scanning the landscape. Scanning means searching a wide area with your eyes to find some particular thing – in this case, edible plants and herbs.
 
Pippa
And of course, Roushanna only eats plants that she can positively identify – plants that she knows a hundred and ten percent are safe to eat. Here, the idiom a hundred and ten percent means Roushanna is completely sure. She has no doubt. And that's important, as the consequences of eating poisonous plants are serious – sickness or even death.

Beth
Our second female forager, Emily Smith, moved to rural Japan to work on a project cataloguing and collecting wild mushrooms. With around 5,000 varieties, 300 of which are edible, mushrooms are an important part of traditional Japanese cooking. But with names like Death Cap and a reputation for being poisonous, mushrooms are what many wild foragers worry about the most. Emily discussed these worries with BBC World Service programme The Conversation.
 
Emily Smith
That stigma is a bit misplaced, I think, because plants can be just as dangerous, if not more dangerous than mushrooms, and I think that mushrooms have been much maligned. I mean, you've got to exercise caution, as Roushanna said, in anything that you pick. You need to know what it is before you consume it. "If in doubt, throw it out!" is a very good phrase to say.
 
Pippa
Emily thinks there's a stigma around mushrooms. A stigma is a negative belief about something which is not necessarily true or fair. In fact, many plants are just as poisonous as mushrooms.
 
Beth
The main thing is to exercise caution – to act with care and attention so as to avoid possible dangers. In other words, to be careful.
 
Pippa
And the best way of doing that is learning the difference between what's safe to eat and what's not. Speaking of which, what was the answer to your question, Beth?
 
Beth
Ah! I asked you, "What colour are Death Cap mushrooms?" You said red, which I also thought was the answer, but actually they are white. Right, it's time to recap the vocabulary we've learnt about foraging, starting with horticulturalist – a person who studies or grows plants.
 
Pippa
If you have a deep knowledge of a subject, you have a thorough understanding of it, gained from experience and study.
 
Beth
Scanning involves searching a wide area with your eyes to find some particular thing.
 
Pippa
If you're a hundred and ten percent sure about something, you're absolutely certain. You have no doubt.
 
Beth
A stigma is an unfair, negative belief about something.
 
Pippa
And finally, to exercise caution is a more formal way of saying to be careful – something you should definitely remember if you go wild foraging yourself! Once again, our six minutes are up. If you enjoyed this episode, you'll find a quiz and worksheet to practise the vocabulary on our website, bbclearningenglish.com. See you again soon. Bye for now!
 
Beth
Goodbye!

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