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Introduction

Whales are majestic creatures. Their sheer size, their ability to swim to great depths and their whale song have captured our imaginations throughout history. But have humans always had a positive relationship with whales? Phil and Georgie discuss this and teach you some new vocabulary.

This week's question

Which is the smallest whale species?

a) the beluga whale
b) the vaquita whale
c) the pygmy right whale

Listen to the programme to hear the answer.

Vocabulary

moratorium
temporary suspension of an activity
 
chap
(informal) man
 
turning point
time when a situation starts to change, especially in a positive way
 
(not) stand a chance
(not) have a chance of success
 
give a shout-out
publicly praise someone or something
 
good at media
skilful at using media outlets, like TV and newspapers, to convey a message to the public

TRANSCRIPT

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript. 

Phil
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Phil.
 
Georgie
And I'm Georgie.
 
Phil
Encountering an animal in its natural habitat is a magical experience. Have you ever seen an animal in the wild, Georgie?
 
Georgie
Yes, I have actually. I was on a walk and we saw a baby badger. It was on its own and it was really cute. What about you, Phil?
 
Phil
Ooh, the most impressive one I've ever seen is actually a whale. I was driving by the coast in Patagonia and you could see them in the sea.
 
Georgie
Well, that sounds amazing. And funny you say that because whale watching has become popular in many coastal parts of the world. But watching whales is very different from what humans used to do to: hunt and kill them for their oil and meat – an activity known as whaling.
 
Phil
Last year marked the 40th anniversary of the International Whaling Commission's global moratorium – that's a temporary ban on the commercial killing of whales. Although Japan, Iceland and Norway continue to hunt whales, there's no doubt the ban has saved many whales species from extinction. In this programme, we'll discuss our past and present relationship with these giants of the ocean. And, as usual, we'll learn some useful new words and phrases too.
 
Georgie
Plus, you'll find all the vocabulary for this episode, along with a quiz and worksheet, on our website: bbclearningenglish.com.
 
Phil
But first, I have a question for you, Georgie. You probably know that the world's largest whale is the blue whale, growing up to 30m long, but which whale species is the smallest? Is it:
 
a)    the beluga whale,
b)    the vaquita whale, or
c)    the pygmy right whale?
 
Georgie
Hmm. Well, 'pygmy' makes me think small so I'm going to go with c) the pygmy right whale.
 
Phil
OK. We'll find out later in the programme. Humans have hunted whales for at least a thousand years, starting with small groups of hunters in slow-moving wooden boats. Catching whales like this was often unsuccessful, especially big whales like blue and humpback whales, which can swim up to 30km/hr. But all that changed in the late 1800s, as Jayne Pierce of the South Georgia Heritage Trust explained to BBC Radio 4 programme Rare Earth:
 
Jayne Pierce
Something happened in Norway in the late 1800s. A chap called Svend Foyn, who was a whaler – he invented what we now know as the exploding harpoon. And that was a turning point for the whale. The whale couldn't stand a chance.
 
Georgie
In 1870, a chap – that's an informal word for a man – called Svend Foyn invented the exploding harpoon, a weapon for killing whales. This was a turning point. The phrase turning point means a time when a situation starts to change, especially in a positive way, although sadly not in this case.
 
Phil
After this, the whales didn't stand a chance, meaning they had no chance of successfully avoiding the hunters. Foyn's exploding harpoon, added to the invention of faster steam-powered boats, increased whaling massively throughout the 20th century, to the point where over three million whales had been killed and many species faced extinction.
 
Georgie
By the 1970s, there were only a few great whales left and environmental groups like Greenpeace started the Save the Whales campaign to make people aware of devastation in whale populations and the cruelty of whaling. It became popular to listen to the Song of the Whale, recordings of whales communicating at sea, which sound something like this:
 
Phil
Here's marine biologist Joe Roman, discussing the Save the Whales campaign with BBC Radio 4's Rare Earth:
 
Joe Roman
People started thinking about whales in different ways. And then we have to give a shout-out to activist groups like Greenpeace, who put their RIB boats – they put their Zodiacs in between Soviet hunting vessels and sperm whales. And they were very good at media.
 
Georgie
Joe gives a shout-out to Greenpeace activists for protecting whales. To give a shout-out to someone means to praise them in public.
 
Phil
Videos and photos taken by Greenpeace changed public opinion about whaling. Joe says Greenpeace were good at media, meaning they skilfully used media outlets like TV and newspapers to convey their message to the public.
 
Georgie
Many whale species are still endangered and all whales still face danger from ocean acidification and plastic pollution. But the moratorium – that means the temporary suspension – on hunting them has lasted 40 years and hopefully will help protect whales for decades more. OK. Phil, isn't it time you revealed the answer to your question?
 
Phil
OK. I asked you which was the smallest species of whale.
 
Georgie
And I said the pygmy right whale, didn't I?

Phil
You did. Unfortunately, the answer is actually the vaquita whale, which is about 1.5m long.
 
Georgie
Oh, so cute! OK. Let's recap the rest of the vocabulary we've learned. A chap is an informal word for a man.
 
Phil
A turning point is when a situation starts to change, especially for the better.
 
Georgie
If someone doesn't stand a chance, they have no chance of success.
 
Phil
To give a shout-out to someone means topublicly praise them.
 
Georgie
And finally,if you're good at media, you are skilful at using media outlets to convey a message to the public. Once again, our six minutes are up but remember you can find worksheets, quizzes and loads more resources to improve your English on our website: bbclearningenglish.com. See you there soon but for now, it's goodbye!
 
Phil
Bye!

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