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Introduction

How do you like your eggs in the morning? Or do you prefer toast, cereal, yogurt or something else? Maybe you usually don't bother with breakfast! Well, some experts believe that a large breakfast could be the key to maintaining healthy eating habits. Georgie and Phil discuss this and teach you some new vocabulary.

This week's question

According to a recent survey, which of the following is the most popular breakfast in the UK?

a) eggs
b) toast
c) cereal

Listen to the programme to hear the answer.

Vocabulary

pauper
old-fashioned word for a very poor person
 
spike
sudden increase in a value being measured
 
metabolism
the chemical processes inside the human body, especially those which process food
 
skip
deliberately miss something, or not do it
 
lean
not fat
 
appetite control
how your brain decides how much you should eat

TRANSCRIPT

Note: This is not a word-for-word transcript. 

Georgie
Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Georgie.
 
Phil
And I'm Phil. Did you have any breakfast today, Georgie, or did you skip it?
 
Georgie
I did have some breakfast. On the way to the office, I got myself a pastry and a coffee. What about you?
 
Phil
I had a big bowl of porridge, but it was at six o'clock this morning so I'm hungry again now. And you might soon be hungry as well because we're going to talk about breakfast. How important is it? Let's start by hearing from Professor Alexandra Johnstone, a nutrition scientist who spoke to Ruth Alexander, host of BBC World Service programme The Food Chain.
 
Professor Alexandra Johnstone
I am supporting the meme 'breakfast like a king and dine like a pauper'.
 
Ruth Alexander
For you then, breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
 
Professor Alexandra Johnstone
I agree. So, it's really important, particularly for people who are trying to maintain a healthy weight and people who are trying to lose weight.

Phil
Alexandra says that you should 'breakfast like a king and dine like a pauper'. Pauper is an old-fashioned word for a very poor person. The expression means have a big breakfast and a small dinner.
 
Georgie
We're going to find out some of the reasons that Alexandra and other experts recommend doing this.
 
Phil
And as usual, we'll learn some useful new words and phrases. And remember – you'll find all the vocabulary and a quiz on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
 
Georgie
OK. But first I have a question for you, Phil. According to a recent survey, which of the following is the most popular breakfast in the UK? Is it:
 
a)    eggs,
b)    toast, or
c)    cereal?
 
Phil
Well, I think people like to keep it simple so I'm going to say toast.
 
Georgie
OK. Well, we'll find out the answer later in the programme. Let's hear some reasons for why we should breakfast like a king or queen. Courtney Peterson, who researches eating behaviours, explains how the time of day affects how our bodies process food, on BBC World Service programme The Food Chain:
 
Courtney Peterson
And so, if you can eat a large breakfast in the morning, and/or I would even say a large lunch in the morning, your body's going to be better at metabolising that food. And what that means is your body's going to actually… your blood sugar levels won't spike as high, you might burn slightly more fat, you might burn slightly more calories from eating earlier in the day. Whereas if you had… if you eat most of your food later in the day, your metabolism is actually slower later in the day. So, for instance, if you ate the same, I don't know, bowl of ice cream in the morning, the afternoon and the evening, your blood sugar levels will spike significantly higher in the afternoon and the evening.
 
Phil
We heard the noun metabolism. This is a word that refers to the chemical processes in your body, and we most often use it to talk about those that convert food into energy. And we also heard had the verb form – metabolise.
 
Georgie
Courtney talked about blood sugar levels spiking. A spike is a sharp, pointed shape. If you see it on a line graph, it means that something has increased very rapidly. We often use the noun spike to mean a sudden increase in a value that is being measured. The verb spike means to suddenly increase.
 
Phil
We've heard that eating earlier in the day can be healthier for us. Now, people often don't eat breakfast, sometimes because they don't have time and sometimes because they are trying to save money. Let's hear again from Professor Alexandra Johnstone, talking to BBC World Service's The Food Chain.
 
Professor Alexandra Johnstone
Now, breakfast skipping is interesting because my own work would tend to suggest – and that sort of observational, large-scale, epidemiological studies would also support this – that people who have a regular breakfast are actually leaner. And my own work would tend to suggest that having your largest meal of the day in the morning period gives you a much better appetite control, which then means it's much easier to control food intake later in the day.
 
Georgie
Alexandra starts by mentioning 'breakfast skipping'. If you skip something, then you don't do it. Bad students might skip lessons – they don't go to them. If you skip a meal, it means that you don't eat it.
 
Phil
We also heard that people who have a regular breakfast are leaner. If someone is lean, then they're not fat.
 
Georgie
And one of the reasons given why people might be leaner is that they have better appetite control. Appetite control is where your brain decides how much you should eat.
 
Phil
Thanks, Georgie. Now, I think it's time that we heard the answer to your question.

Georgie
Yes, it is. OK. I asked, "According to a recent survey, what is the most popular breakfast in the UK?"
 
Phil
And I said, "Toast."
 
Georgie
…which was the most popular in London, but the most popular in the country as a whole was cereal, and that's according to a survey by a cereal manufacturer. So, I'm afraid you got it wrong. OK. Let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, starting with pauper, which is an old-fashioned word for a very poor person.
 
Phil
When we're talking about data, it spikes when it increases suddenly.
 
Georgie
Metabolism refers to the chemical processes inside your body, especially those which process food.
 
Phil
If you skip something, you miss it; you don't do it.
 
Georgie
If someone is lean, then they are not fat.
 
Phil
And finally, appetite control is how your brain decides how much you should eat. Once again, our six minutes are up, but why not head over to our website, bbclearningenglish.com, to try the quiz and worksheet for this episode? See you again soon.
 
Georgie
Goodbye!
 
Phil
Bye!

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