Menya ibihugu 10 bya Afurika bifite imyenda myinshi kurusha ibindi ku mugabane

Umwenda wugarije Afrika uhangayikishije cyane abayobozi b'uyu mugabane. Muri Gicurasi (5) umwaka ushize, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'Afurika wakoze inama ya mbere mu rwego rwo kurebera hamwe no gufata ingamba zo kuwugabanya, inama yabereye i Lomé, umurwa mukuru wa Togo.

Muri iyi nama, hamenyekanye ko ibihugu birenga 20 bya Afurika biri mu bihe by'imyenda irenze.

Nk'uko byatangajwe na Clever Gatete, umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa komisiyo ishinzwe ubukungu y'umuryango w'abibumbye ishinzwe Afurika (ECA), mu 2024, imigabane y'imyenda yo ku mugabane wa Afurika yari hafi miliyari 1.860 z'amadolari, ugereranije na miliyari 1,000 mu gihe kitarenze imyaka icumi ishize.

Uku kwiyongera kudasanzwe kw'imyenda bitera ibibazo byinshi byo kutishyura mu bihugu byinshi muri Afrika yose muri rusangi.

Abaguriza cyane reta za Afrika harimo nka Banki y'Isi, Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari (IMF), Banki Nyafurika y' iterambere (AfDB), Ubushinwa, n'ibindi.

Usibye aba baha imyenda cyane Afrika , isoko mpuzamahanga ni isoko rya kabiri ritera inkunga ibihugu bya Afrika. Ibi bihugu biguza cyane icyiciro abashoramari bigenga.

Umugabane uhura n'uburemere bw'imyenda

Hagati y'umwaka wa 2015 na 2024, umwenda wa Afurika ugereranyijwe n'umusaruro rusange w'imbere mu gihugu (GDP) warazamutse uva kuri 44.4% ugera kuri 66.7%, nk'uko bigaragazwa n'Imibare y'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari (IMF).

Imibare yo mu Ukwakira (10) 2025 igaragaza ko iryo zamuka riyobowe na Sudani (272%), ikurikirwa na Senegali (128%), Zambiya (115%) ndetse na Cape Verde (111%).

Icyo impuguke zibivugaho

Mu minsi ishize, itsinda ry'impuguke 25 zigenga, zirimo uwitwa Kevin Urama, impuguke mu bukungu mw'itsinda rya Banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere, bakoze raporo ku myenda.

Iri tsinda ryayobowe na perezidansi ya Afurika y'Epfo mu rwego rwa G20, ryari riyobowe n'uwahoze ari Minisitiri w'imari muri Afurika y'Epfo, Trevor Manuel, ryasabye "guhuza inguzanyo no guhuza ishoramari mu iterambere rya Afurika."

Clever Gatete yagize ati: "Ibyo Afrika ihura nabyo ntabwo ari ikibazo cy'imyenda gusa; ni ikibazo cy'iterambere", kubera ko mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, ingengo y'imari igenerwa ubuzima, uburezi n'ibikorwa remezo bibangamiwe n'imyenda.

Dore ibihugu 10 bya mbere bya Afrika bifite imyenda myinshi. Uru rutonde rushingiye gusa ku gipimo cy'umwenda ufatiye ku musaruro rusange w'imbere mu gihugu (GDP)

1- Sudan

Sudan, imaze imyaka itari mike iri mu ntambara hagati y'abanyagihugu, ifite ibibazo by'ubukungu ndetse n'amafaranga.

Igihugu gifite ikibazo cy'imyenda ikabije, imyenda ya Leta igera kuri 253% ya GDP muri 2023 nk'uko imibare ya IMF ibigaragaza.

Umwenda uri hanze cyane cyane, kandi byumwihariko ufitwe n'abafatanyabikorwa mu bihugu byombi, cyane cyane ibihugu byo mu kigobe n'abanyamuryango ba Paris Club.

2- Senegal

Raporo yakozwe na banki yo mu Bwongereza Barclays, ivuga ko Senegali ifite imigabane ingana na tririyari 23.5 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda CFA, ni ukuvuga hafi miliyari 47.2 z'amadolari.

Iyi myenda nini ihwanye na 119% by'umusaruro rusange w'igihugu, bituma Senegali iba igihugu cya kabiri mu madeni ku mugabane wa Afurika.

Menya ko iyi mibare ireba gusa umwenda wa guverinoma nkuru. Umwenda uhuriweho, harimo n'uw'ibigo bya Leta, ugera kuri 132% bya GDP.

3- Zambia

Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy'imari kivuga ko umwenda rusange w'iki gihugu cya Afrika y'amajyepfo wageze kuri miliyari 21.4 z'amadolari mu mpera za 2024. Nyamara, raporo ya IMF yasohotse muri Kanama irerekana icyerekezo cyiza.

Biteganijwe ko umwenda rusange uzagera kuri 91.1% bya GDP mu mpera za 2025, ugereranije na 114% ya GDP muri 2024.

4- Cape Verde

Cape Verde, iherereye mu nyanja ya Atalantika ku nkombe za Senegali, igihugu cya ECOWAS (Umuryango w'ubukungu w'ibihugu bya Afurika y'iburengerazuba), nacyo ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite umwenda muri Afrika.

Nubwo umwenda rusange w'ibi birwa ugenda ugabanuka, ukamanuka uva kuri 127.5% bya GDP muri 2022 ukagera kuri 114.0% muri 2023, ukomeje kuba munsi ya 100% y'umusaruro rusange wa GDP, uhagaze kuri 109.4% bya GDP muri 2024 ukurikije imibare yatanzwe na Banki ya ECOWAS ishinzwe ishoramari n'iterambere (EBID).

5- Repubulika ya Kongo

Nubwo umwenda wa Repubulika ya Kongo ugenda ugabanuka, kuva kuri 103,6% mu mwaka 2020 ukagera kuri 93,6% muri 2024, urwego ruriho rukomeje guhangayikisha iki gihugu gitanga peteroli muri Afurika yo hagati.

Nk'uko IMF ibigaragaza, umugabane w'imbere mu madeni wariyongereye, ukongerera ingufu igitutu cy'inguzanyo ndetse n'iseswa. Gutanga imyenda ku isoko ryo mu karere byatwaye hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'amafaranga yinjira mu mpera za 2024.

6- Mozambique

Mozambique iri mu bihugu bifite imyenda myinshi ku mugabane wa Afurika. Mu mpera za 2024, umwenda wa Mozambique wagereranijwe na miliyari 16.238 z'amadolari.

Muri Werurwe 2025, guverinoma ya Mozambike yatangaje ko idashobora kuzuza inshingano z'amafaranga. Umwenda wa Leta wari ugeze ku ntera iteye ubwoba, urenga 100% bya GDP, nk'uko bigereranywa n'ikigega mpuzamahanga cy'imari (IMF).

7- Misiri

Imibare rusange y'igihugu cya Misri yerekanaga umwenda ugera hafi kuri 83% bya GDP mu mwaka wa 2024, nk'uko imibare yatanzwe na Banki Nkuru ya Misiri ibigaragaza.

Mu gice cya mbere cy'umwaka w'ingengo y'imari wa 2024/2025 wonyine, serivisi z'imyenda zatwaye leta amafranga angana na miliyari 21.3 z'amadolari, ibi bikaba bituma byotsa igitutu gikomeye ku bubiko bw'ivunjisha, nk'uko byagaragajwe na IMF mu kwezi k'Ukwakira 2025.

8- Malawi

Umubare w'amadeni na GDP ugera kuri 88%, Malawi iza ku mwanya wa 8 mu bihugu bifite imyenda myinshi ku mugabane wa Afurika, nk'uko imibare ya IMF ibigaragaza.

Iki gihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'amajyepfo gifite ubuso bwa kilometero² 118.480, gifite abaturage 22.729.000. Mu 2024, umwenda wa Malawi wagereranijwe hafi miliyari 10.3 z'amadolari.

9 - Maurice

IMF ivuga ko Mauritius yanditse umwenda rusange wa 88% bya GDP mu 2024.

Nubwo uyu mwenda utaragera ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa 91.9% by'umusaruro rusange (GDP) rwabonetse mu 2020, uracyari munini cyane ku gihugu kimwe cya Afurika gisanzwe kiri imbere mu iterambere ry'abantu no mu mafaranga umuturage winjiza.

10- Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau yongeye kwishora mu bibazo bya politiki nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi bwahagaritse inzira y'amatora, Guinea-Bissau iri mu bihe by'amadeni arenze urugero, nk'uko isesengura rirambye ry'imyenda ryashyizweho na IMF mu kwezi k'Ugushyingo (11) 2024.

Umwenda rusange usigaye ugera kuri 82.3% ya GDP mu 2024. Umwenda w'imbere wonyine uragera kuri 55.5% by'umwenda wose (ugereranije na 44.5% ku mwenda wo hanze) mu 2023.

Abaterankunga nyamukuru b'igihugu mu myenda yo hanze ni Banki y'Isi (30.2%) na BOAD (Banki y'Iterambere ry'Afrika y'Iburengerazuba) ungana na (28.6%).