Mozambique: Umwaduko w'inzovu zidafite amahembe ufitanye isano n'ubushimusi bw'amahembe yazo

Ubushakashatsi bushya buvuga ko ubushimusi bukomeye bw'amahembe y'inzovu mu bice bimwe bya Mozambique bwatumye haduka inzovu zitagira amahembe.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Science cyandika ku bumenyi bwa siyansi. Bwasanze ko muri parike y'igihugu ya Gorongosa National Park ubusembwa (uburwayi) bw'imbonekarimwe bwahabonetse mbere buhererekanywa mu miryango, bwarushijeho kuba ikintu kimenyerewe.

Hari mu gihe ubushimusi bw'amahembe y'inzovu bwo gutera inkunga intambara hagati y'abaturage b'icyo gihugu, bwatumye inzovu ziba mu byago byo kuba zashiraho.

Mbere y'intambara, hafi 18.5% by'inzovu z'ingore, muri kamere yazo, zabaga nta mahembe zifite.

Ariko uwo mubare warazamutse ugera kuri 33% ku nzovu zavutse kuva mu ntangiriro y'imyaka ya 1990.

Inzovu zo muri Mozambique zigera kuri 90% by'inzovu zose mu gihugu, zishwe n'abarwanyi bo ku mpande zombi muri iyo ntambara yatangiye mu 1977 ikageza mu 1992.

Ba rushimusi bagurishaga amahembe y'inzovu kugira ngo babone amafaranga yo kwifashisha mu ntambara hagati y'ingabo za leta n'inyeshyamba zarwanyaga ubutegetsi bwa gikomunisti.

Cyo kimwe n'uko bimeze ku ibara ryo mu jisho no ku bwoko bw'amaraso ku bantu, ingirabuzima fatizo zigenga iby'iyororoka (gènes/genes) ni zo zituma inzovu zivukana amahembe zikomora ku babyeyi bazo, cyangwa ntiziyavukane.

Inzovu zidafite amahembe ntizakorwagaho n'abahigi, bituma birushaho gushoboka ko uko kutagira amahembe zibikomeza ndetse iyo miterere yo kutagira amahembe zikanayiraga izo zibyaye.

Hashize igihe abashakashatsi bacyeka ko iyo miterere, igaragara gusa ku ngore, yaba ifitanye isano n'igitsina cy'inzovu. Nyuma yuko hahujwe ingirabuzima fatizo zigenga iby'iyororoka z'inzovu zifite amahembe n'izidafite amahembe, isesengura ryahishuye ko iyo miterere ifitanye isano n'ihindagurika ryo kuri chromosome X ryicaga ingabo, zitakuraga neza muri nyababyeyi, ikaba yiganje mu ngore.

Profeseri Robert Pringle wo kuri Kaminuza ya Princeton muri Amerika, umwe mu bakoze ubwo bushakashatsi, yavuze ko ibyo bavumbuye bishobora kugira ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku nzovu.

Yavuze ko kubera ko iyo miterere yo kutagira amahembe yicaga ibibwana by'ibigabo by'inzovu, bishoboka ko inzovu nkeya ari zo zavukaga muri rusange. Ibi bishobora kugabanya umuvuko wo kongera kororoka kw'izi nzovu, ubu zisigaye gusa zirenga gato 700 muri iyo parike.

Profeseri Pringle yagize ati: "Kutagira amahembe bishobora kugira inyungu mu gihe cy'intambara. Ariko ibyo hari ikiguzi cyabyo [hari ibindi bibyangirikiramo]".

Indi ngaruka ishobora kubaho ni impinduka ku ishusho ngari ya parike, kuko ubu bushakashatsi bwahishuye ko inyamaswa zifite amahembe n'izidafite amahembe zirya ibyatsi (ibimera) bitandukanye.

Ariko Profeseri Pringle yashimangiye ko iyo miterere ishobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda gishira, uko inzovu zigenda ziva mu byago byo gushiraho.

Ati: "Rero mu by'ukuri twiteze ko ubu ubusembwa buzagabanuka mu nzovu twakoreyeho ubushakashatsi, icyangombwa ni uko ishusho yuko ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije ikomeza kumera neza nkuko imeze kuva mu bihe bya vuba aha bishize".

"Hari uruhuri rw'amakuru ateye agahinda kenshi ajyanye n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'abantu... kandi ntekereza ko ari ingenzi gushimangira ko muri iyo shusho harimo n'amakuru meza".