Gillespie was considered unlucky to miss the South Africa series
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Jason Gillespie has been recalled by Australia after a seven-month gap for two Tests in Bangladesh this month.
Fast bowler Gillespie was discarded following a disappointing performance in last summer's Ashes series when he took three wickets in three Tests.
But injuries to Shaun Tait, Michael Kasprowicz and Justin Langer have forced the selectors to make changes to the squad named for Bangladesh.
Also drafted in are paceman Mitchell Johnson and batsman Phil Jaques.
The two-Test series begins at Fatullah on Sunday, to be followed by one-day internationals.
"Our advice was that the players (Tait, Kasprowicz and Langer) would be definitely unavailable for the first Test, and maybe the second too.
"Given that it's only a two-Test series, we thought it would be in the best interests of the players concerned to give them a full recovery," said chief selector Trevor Hohns.
"The three players coming into the squad have performed very well in domestic cricket and deserve their opportunity to tour."
Gillespie, 30, took 40 first-class wickets for South Australia during the recent domestic season at a cost of only 21.27 runs each.
His inclusion in the squad means he will not be able to take up a contract with English county side Yorkshire until mid-May.
Opening batsman Jaques and left-arm fast bowler Johnson are in a similar position, having agreed terms with Worcestershire and Essex for the summer.
Jaques played one Test against South Africa last December but may have to fight for another opportunity as Australia also have the option of promoting Mike Hussey to open in Langer's place and drafting Michael Clarke into the middle order.
Johnson, meanwhile, had already been chosen for the one-day series in Bangladesh but now has a chance of making his first Test appearance after returning match figures of 10-106 to help Queensland beat Victoria in the Pura Cup final.
Australia Test squad: R Ponting (capt), A Gilchrist (vice-capt), S Clark, M Clarke, J Gillespie, M Hayden, M Hussey, P Jaques, M Johnson, B Lee, S MacGill, D Martyn, A Symonds, S Warne.
Australia one-day squad: R Ponting (capt), A Gilchrist (vice-capt), N Bracken, S Clark, M Clarke, D Cullen, B Hogg, M Hussey, M Johnson, S Katich, B Lee, D Martyn, S Watson, A Symonds.